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Steve Lim- NLP, Time Line Therapy™ and Hypnotherapy (Yee Hup)
Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To rigorously evaluate the time course of cognitive change in a cohort of individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), and to investigate which demographic, laboratory, and treatment factors are associated with neuropsychological (NP) outcome (or "any NP improvement"). METHODS: Study participants included 37 HIV+ individuals with mild to moderate NP impairment who initiated CART and underwent NP testing at 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks thereafter. NP change was assessed using a regression-based change score that was normed on a separate NP-stable group thereby controlling for regression toward the mean and practice effect. Mixed-effect regression models adjusting for loss to follow-up were used to evaluate the time course of cognitive change and its association with baseline and time-varying predictors. RESULTS: In persons with HAND initiating CART, cognitive improvement happens soon after initiation (13% at week 12), but more often 24, 36, and up to 48 weeks after initiation (up to 41%), with fewer than 5% demonstrating significant worsening. In multivariate analyses, unique predictors of NP improvement included more severe baseline NP impairment and higher CART CNS penetration index. Greater viral load decrease was associated with NP improvement only in univariate analyses. CONCLUSION: Clinically meaningful neuropsychological improvement seemed to peak around 24-36 weeks after combination antiretroviral therapy initiation and was prolonged over the 1-year study period. This study also provides new evidence that benefit may be maximized by choosing antiretroviral medications that reach therapeutic concentrations in the CNS.
Neurology. 2009 May 27. Cysique LA, Vaida F, Letendre S, Gibson S, Cherner M, Woods SP, McCutchan JA, Heaton RK, Ellis RJ. >From the Department of Psychiatry (L.A.C., M.C., S.P.W., R.K.H.), Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (F.V.), Department of Medicine (S.L., S.G., J.A.M.), and Department of Neurosciences (R.J.E.), University of California at San Diego; and Brain Sciences (L.A.C.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
The miracles of modern medicine are not be taken lightly. The mere fact that the longevity of the average person is much longer than it was a few decades ago should be sufficient evidence of its value. However, the story does not stop there. Modern allopathic medicine focus primarily based on systems involving pharmaceuticals and surgery. Very little emphasis is placed on the power of the mind. Even though drug trials will consider placebo and nocebo effects, still little effort is made to understand why they play a role. Furthermore, there's little explanation as to why several research...
Just about everyone knows that speaking in public is the most common fear in the Western world. Even famous stage performers admit that performing or speaking before a large audience puts them into a panic. In fact, you would not believe the names of the popular musicians, politicians, and even top self-help figures that have admitted that they are absolutely petrified before stepping on stage. Yet, they always give a brilliant performance.
What if the speaking jitters never had to occur? What if your timid feelings never had to happen? What if you could train yourself to love...
Let’s face it. For each and every one of us there is something or someone who inspires in us a level of anxiety and dread, which can reasonably be referred to as fear. For some it can be the thought of a snake, spider, dogs, or even wide open spaces. Others constantly live in utter misery as they tend to avoid many of the sights, sounds, and occurrences of modern-day life. What causes this and do we have a choice?
As humans we have a superior ability to anticipate and simulate. When we anxiously await the arrival of a person who we love or are overly concerned about the possibility...
